EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

                                                             

                Human intelligence consists of several interwoven competencies or distinct types of intelligence such as Abstract, Practical, Emotional, Aesthetic, Kinesthetic, and Social intelligence. One of the most important is emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence (EQ) is generally defined as the ability to identify, use, understand, and manage emotions in effective and positive ways. Emotional Intelligence is seen as appealing to many people and it is clear that there are several advantages.

                In the first place, one of the advantages is that emotional intelligence affects the quality of our life due to the fact that it influences our behaviors and relationships. In other words, to put it differently, EQ is known as synonymous to self-awareness because it has an effect on people’s intentions, purpose, and autonomy. A high EQ helps individuals to improve relationships, communicate better with other people, and empathize with others. Therefore, emotional intelligence has an impact on the quality of our lives on the grounds that it affects our behaviors, relationships, and communication.

                When it comes to the second point, another advantage of emotional intelligence is that it can greatly affect people’s success because motivation and self-management are fundamental components of emotional intelligence. It is important to emphasize that success is correlated with personal motivation and self-management. All these things considered, success is an indispensable consequence for people who have emotional intelligence. Besides, EQ can affect people’s choices by creating options people cannot imagine. Therefore, EQ is an important (factor) to succeed.

                By way of conclusion, it is obvious that there are a lot of advantages of emotional intelligence. EQ is an important factor for people to identify, use, understand and manage emotions in an effective and positive way. EQ is fundamental to our life experience and can influence how successful we are in our relationships, and careers. The effects on daily and business life can be listed as the advantages of emotional intelligence. Inaddition, EQ is often more about the present so it is clear that it is an indispensable factor to maintain current relations.

                                                                                        KUBİLAY ESER

               

SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE

                                                                

                Human intelligence consists of several interwoven competencies or distinct types of intelligence such as Abstract, Practical, Emotional, Aesthetic, Kinesthetic, and Social. One of the most important is social intelligence. Social Intelligence can be described as a combination of two abilities; understanding and interacting. Social Intelligence is seen as appealing to many people and it is clear that there are several advantages.

                To begin with, one of the advantages of social intelligence is clarity. Clarity provides a chance for people to express themselves clearly, explain concepts clearly, and use their language effectively. It is obvious that abilities of this kind  are vitally important for people’s daily and business life because people’s daily and business life are already complicated and people need persons who can solve problems, make life easier, and express themselves clearly. It is an undeniable fact that people who have social intelligence are generally successful in the business sector and they are seen as idols in society. Therefore, their social intelligence helps them to catch a golden opportunity. Some comedians such as Cem Yılmaz can be shown as the best example of this due to the fact that he is successful in his field and he is well-liked by people.

                When it comes to the second point, another advantage of social intelligence is awareness.Awareness can be defined as understanding the social contexts which influence observed human behaviors and  choosing the behavioral strategies most likely to be successful. In other words, to put it differently, it can be described as ‘’reading situations’’. Therefore, it can be said that people who have social intelligence can make better decisions and determine better strategies by using their social intelligence. 

By way of conclusion, it is obvious that there are lots of advantages of social intelligence. Social intelligence is an important factor for people to express themselves clearly, explain concepts clearly, use their language effectively, understand the social context, and choose the best strategies. The effects on daily and business life can be listed as the advantages of social intelligence. In addition, social intelligence is often more about the future so it is clear that it is an indispensable factor to survive and succeed .

                                                                                                               KUBİLAY ESER

.

WHY FREUD WAS WRONG WHEN IT CAME TO DEPENDENCY THEORY

   Sigmund Freud, who is theoretician and the father of psychoanalysis, was a Viennese doctor and clinician. He made numerous studies on child development and according to them, children go through a series of psychosexual stages which lead to the development of the adult personality. These stages are the Oral Stage, which comprises the first year of a baby’s life, the Anal Stage, the Phallic Stage, the Latent Stage, and the Genital Stage. In the Oral Stage, babies are totally and necessarily depend on their mothers because they fulfill the basic needs of the baby such as bathing, feeding or wiping. As a result of this, the baby moves from a state of unpleasant biological need to satiated biological satisfaction. At this point, Freud thought that the dependency of babies on their mothers was about the indispensable function of the mother in the baby’s life. But he interpreted these essential needs as physical needs. This interpretation didn't consider the importance of a mother’s touch on a baby and led to the acceptance of the attachment theory instead of the dependency theory in the coming years.

    The psychologists who justify attachment theory believe that the power of the caregiver’s touch is as important as the basic needs of babies and it has a significant influence on child development. In the 1950s, Harry Harlow made an experiment on rhesus monkeys to contribute to the importance of caregiving, affection, and social relationships in life. He separated infant monkeys from their mothers

a few hours after birth; he put the infants in a place where there were two kinds of surrogate monkey mother machines which dispensed milk and one of the machine monkeys was covered with a soft terry cloth. Then, he put the monkeys in a room with the machines to see their preference. Infant monkeys chose the monkey with the soft terry cloth and milk. Therewithal, Harlow made a critical difference in the experiment to understand the necessity of attachment; he equipped one of the monkey machines just with milk while another machine was covered with a soft terry cloth. At this point, the responses of monkeys clearly indicated the significance of attachment in development. The result of the second experiment was astonishing. The monkeys preferred the monkey machine which was covered with soft cloth even though the other monkey machine had milk which is a requisite for his life. Consequently, psychologists and doctors accepted the importance of attachment. With this in mind, the experiment has been judged by some people because of its ethical issues. This experiment proved that the orphanage system has harmful effects on the child’s development and needs to be changed. Today, most of the countries are encouraging adoption instead of the orphanage system and children become healthier physically and mentally.

     In 1944, American psychologists made an unethical experiment to see the results of the shortage of attachment on humans. In order to do that, they used 20 new-born infants. During the experiment, doctors, and psychologists fulfilled the main needs of babies. They fed the babies sufficiently, gave them a comfortable place to sleep and kept their bodies clean. However, they didn't contact the babies directly to prevent the sense of feeling. In order to do that, they used plastic gloves if they had to touch them. Psychologists were planning to continue this experiment for two years but just after 4 months, unexpected outcomes compelled them to interrupt the experiment: the babies started to die. Before the death of the babies, experimenters observed that the babies were becoming unresponsive to the person who fulfilled their needs in contrast to their response at the beginning of the experiment; they weren't crying at all.  The experimenters tried to bring the babies back to life by touching. Unfortunately, it didn't work.

   As a result of this experiment, psychologists accepted the necessity of attachment and interpreted this need as an essential factor in babies’ life. Therewithal, the unethical side of the experiment has been judged by many people but the reason for the applicability of the experiment was about the conditions in those days; the experiment was made during the Second World War and the babies were probably obtained in return for money.

      In conclusion, the importance and necessity of attachment is accepted, and it has been proved that the results of the deficiency of attachment on babies can lead to serious issues in an individual’s life. Today, many psychologists have experienced this situation in many cases. Through these experiences and experiments, we have learned that we are not depending on our caregivers just because they satisfy our needs, we develop an emotional relationship , and need them as humans.

                                                                                                         SUEDA DİNÇ

.

DO PUBLIC PROTESTS DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD?

In every democratic country, people have the right to protest. Protests can be described as a way of demonstrating against unpleasant situations. For example, when a government levies a tax on technological devices or fuel, people living in a country governed by democracy have the right to protest  the tax. However, some people think that holding  public protests is  harmful rather than beneficial since some extremists can usually high jack the protest whereas others assume that public protests don't do more harm than good because people show opposition or support for issues thanks to public protests.

   Firstly, proponents of public protests argue that public protests are more beneficial for people because of various important reasons. One of the vital reasons is that protests are a democratic right. For example, when there are unpleasant things that governments do, people can (express their displeasure thanks to public protests) show that they aren't satisfied thanks to public protests. Thus, they can take a step towards changing the condition. Moreover, another important reason is that public protests enable people to become aware of unpleasant issues. Even though many people living in a democratic country don't want to obey rules, laws, or regulations that their governments established, they cannot do anything to change them. Nevertheless, when public protests are organized, many people are able to pay attention to unpleasant issues and they can contribute to efforts to change the issues.One good example is the case of the yellow vest movement in Paris. These protests have caused President Macron to rethink certain steps he had taken.

   On the other hand, some claim that public protests shouldn't be organized because public protests aren't beneficial for people. There are many kinds of important reasons why people think public protests do more harm than good. One of the reasons is that people may damage  lives and property when they protest unwanted issues. Also, they argue that public protests lead to unnecessary social upheaval. However, when people give up protesting what they don't accept or want to conform to, they have to accept everything that their governments do. Therefore, people can protest peacefuly. Also, if people don't organize a protest about unwanted conditions, I think they may lose their democratic rights.

    To conclude, whether public protests are more harmful than beneficial or not is a controversial issue because of a variety of clashing views. Although there are many supporters of public protests being more harmful, in my opinion, staging public protests is a necessary right for people because we can express our thoughts thanks to public protests.

                                                                                             

Hilal Bayirli

IS THERE A LINK BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND CREATIVITY?

   

     There is a common idea which asserts that depression or mental illnesses is linked to creativity. In fact, some people think that mental distress is an almost inevitable part of being highly creative. On the other hand, most of the studies have shown that there isn't a direct link between depression and creativity. The reason for the acceptance  of this idea by many people might be correlated with some well-known artists with depression such as Vincent  Van Gogh, Virginia Woolf or Michelangelo.

     Some of the psychologists have accepted this idea because of the discernible effects of depression on creative people. According to them, depression brings along some features which can cause one to be creative. The first piece of evidence that causes people to link creativity with depression which is accepted by psychologists is neurotic thinking, which is a prominent characteristic of depression. Neurotic thinking can be focusing on negative thoughts or feelings and constantly ruminating on things past. Rumination means focusing on a problem for longer than most people would and as a result of focusing on negative thoughts and ruminating, neurotic people are

highly anxious. That is to say, they literally imagine the worst. This penchant for dramatic imaginings might help creative people to imagine solutions most people wouldn't. The second argument which suggests this idea is depressed people contemplate more than other individuals. For creative people, the feeling of anxiety and depression lasts longer than usual because they don't want to let go of any problem before they figure out a meaningful conclusion. The last argument evaluates depression as a motive. For creative people, depression amplifies motivation to do better. The reason is depressed people arent satisifed easily like others. Consequently, they force themselves harder to do things better, and this pushes them to find different, in other words ‘creative’ solutions.

   Most of the studies, which  search for a link between creativity and depression have shown that there is not a direct link between them. One study from the office of National Statistics showed that people who work in arts-related jobs were up to four times more likely to commit suicide.

Therewithal, another study from 2013, found that most of the authors have deal with the increased likelihood of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. But many psychologists are skeptical about the proposed link. They explain this situation with social rejection. Creative people have more tendency to be rejected by society. The reason is about the nature of human behaviors; We prefer to be with people who have similar ideas, world views and opinions to ours. But creative people usually think differently and have dissimilar ideas from ours. As a result of this rejection, they become lonely. Feeling lonely and isolated may bring depression but it is not a prerequisite for being creative.

    Although psychiatrists and psychologists didn't show the accurate link between depression and creativity, other mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia have a  connection with creativity. In one of the studies in 2015, researchers analyzed the DNA of more than 86,000 people to look for genes that increase the risks of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. They also noted that these individuals’ work was related to creative fields such as acting, music, writing and, dancing.Moreover, they found that creative persons are up to 25 percent more likely than non- creative people to carry genes that are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Having said that, it doesn't mean all people with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia are creative, and not all creative people have bipolar disorder. However, there is a noticeable link between the genes that lead to bipolar disorder and a person’s creativity.

                                                                                                                                   Sueda   Dinç

                                                                                                                

BAROQUE VERSUS RENAISSANCE ART

Art can be defined as the expression of an artist’s feelings and ideas in the simplest terms. There are many disagreements about what the aim of art is. While some claim that art is made to acieve pure beauty,  others claim that art is made to give information and raise awareness. As a result of these opinions and sociocultural conditions, there have been different approaches to art since ancient times. The Renaissance and Baroque era are two of the most known approaches to art. These two historical periods have many similarities, yet they also have differences,  which made the historical periods  unique.

To begin with, the Renaissance period had many characteristics that were not observed in any other period in history.  Renaissance art was distinctive in its style of painting and sculpture. Moreover, new techniques were developed such as linear perspective and aerial perspective. There were many great artists of this period like Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Da Vinci and Michelangelo painted most notably in accordance with The School of Athens, which expressed the classical ideals of beauty. The Catholic Church had a huge influence on Renaissance art. The Baroque Period began in the 17th century in Rome. That was the era of new discoveries and broader diversity. The aim of the Baroque style was to convey an impression of the sensual, yet naturalistic to the religious paintings. As a result, painters started to decorate the monumental ceilings of many churches. Consequently, many artists started to use vivid colors to evoke sensual delight.

There are some similarities and differences in both the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The Baroque period was generated at the end of the Renaissance era. So, the techniques of the Baroque art period united the techniques used in the Renaissance. The Baroque period continued from the Renaissance with the use of light, color and strong perspective and also religious themes. The Mona Lisa by Da Vinci and The Straw Hat by Rueben are the two examples that show both similarities and differences of these two periods. These two paintings show a young lady in almost identical poses. Moreover, their backgrounds are both foggy and mysterious. But, the background of The Mona Lisa differs from Rueben’s painting due to Da Vinci’s precise details like his use of colors. Rueben uses no distinct background and just focuses on the main subject, the young lady,

In conclusion, these two  periods have some similarities besides their significant dissimilarities. The Renaissance and Baroque periods were both influential in generating the greatest art pieces that the world has ever seen. People should learn about all aspects of these periods and artists, think deeply about them  and enjoy these great masterpieces.