YouTubers

In the modern and global world, YouTube is one of the most important social platforms  of our society. Teenagers, called Generation Z, are raised in the era of smartphones and don't know anything about the time before social media. Today, most of the young people are YouTube addicts. They spend a lot of time watching videos on YouTube. YouTube has attained a global watch time of over five hundred million hours daily. Before YouTube became a very popular platform, people used to see celebrities as role models. However, YouTubers' influences on young people surpassed celebrities on traditional media. In fact, celebrities are increasingly shifting their focus to YouTube in order to compete with YouTubers. Moreover, many parents don't even know about the existence of YouTubers and how they affect their kids. In order to raise our children in the best way, we should consider the effects of YouTubers on young people.

            Firstly, we should consider the effects of YouTubers on young girls. Millions of videos which are related to beauty were featured via YouTube. The importance of fashion and beauty have increased in young girls' lives this way. For example, some YouTubers feature Haul videos in which a YouTuber introduces and describes the products that they have purchased after each shopping trip. These YouTubers can earn thousands of dollars via shopping and filming what they  buy. Furthermore, besides fashion videos, a lot of videos which have beauty and makeup content are  featured. These YouTubers teach how to apply makeup and share their beauty routine. Young girls see these YouTubers as role models. They think they must dress  like YouTubers and apply makeup like them in order to look beautiful.

 Secondly, YouTubers affect young people's decision making process. These pseudo experts give information about the products based on their personal experience in order to support their viewer's purchasing decisions. YouTubers share intimate stories about their lives; it makes them seem trustworthy. They feel closer  to YouTubers than their Hollywood variety. They perceive them as equal because they are average people who might be a person living next door. Therefore, YouTubers are more popular and admired than celebrities and they can easily affect people's decision making process.

Finally, YouTubers affect young people's identification process. They affect their behaviors, values, beliefs and attitudes. Some teenagers identify with YouTubers and adopt their ideas. Identification is not the same as imitation. It is permanent. For instance, some popular YouTubers talk about sensitive issues including transgender issues, suicidal ideation, anxiety and depression. Hearing about such topics can be empowering for children who may have experienced rejection or isolation. Messages from YouTubers can be very confusing for them. Children might adopt these kinds of ideas which are not actually true. Also, some children adopt the bad language which is used by YouTubers. If they watch YouTubers who don't pay attention to the language that they use, they can start swearing and cursing  people in their lives. In addition, they might eat too much unhealthy food because they see YouTubers consuming them on their vlogs every day. Moreover, some YouTube videos such as Try not to laugh have risks that might result in children getting hurt or into trouble. YouTubers prank one of their friends or a stranger in videos of this kind . They perceive other people as accessories to their  own enjoyment. If viewers imitate this behavior in their lives, they can get hurt because they might ignore the anger of people  who are pranked.

To sum up, YouTubers can easily affect young girls, young people's decision making process and young people’s behaviors since they are one of us. Parents should take precautions against YouTube videos which might have harmful content in order to raise their children in the best way.

https://www.mamamia.com.au/how-bloggers-influence-teenagers/

https://essay.utwente.nl/71094/1/Westenberg_MA_BMS.pdf

https://www.internetmatters.org/hub/expert-opinion/YouTubers-influencing-children/

Gökhan DEMİRÇİN

CAN MEN AND WOMEN BE FRIENDS? 60

Throughout history, men and women have lived together in society. While some people think the purpose of the existence of the opposite sex is just providing continuation of the species so that when they are together they can just think about sex, other people claim that they can be just friends. In my opinion, even though it may be more difficult, I disagree with the fact that men and women cannot be friends.

Firstly, people who believe men and women cannot be friends claim that their interests and concerns are different, which means they have nothing to share. For me, this belief belongs to the Middle Ages and should have stayed there. In today’s world, contrary to the Middle Ages, women and men are equal. They not only have similar social roles and responsibilities, but also have common interests and concerns. For instance, clearly they can both like the cinema and talk about that, or contrary to what we are used to, they can talk about make-up or soccer. Therefore,  this idea is sexist and men and women can share a lot.

Lastly, because their brains work differently, they can have different approaches and perceptions which may complement each other in friendship.They can learn about the opposite sex's way of thinking and feeling and it helps them to improve their framework and the way they perceive situations. When something happens they can see the situations from both men's and women's points of view.

In a nutshell, contrary to the society's  pressure on the impossibility of friendship between men and women, they can share a lot and teach many things to each other. In short, men and women can be friends.

Dilara Şengül

HORMONES AND THE BRAIN

         There are countless differences between women and men which range from our anatomy to how we behave.But these differences start to occur in our brain and then shape our perceptions, behaviours and bodily movements.In terms of the structure of the human brain, the main criterium is the amount of testosterone. When we’re in the eighth week as a fetus, there is no distinction between the sexes; but after the eighth week, some of us are exposed to testosterone in the left hemisphere and as a result of it, this person becomes a male.It means, before the eighth week of our fetal development, we are all female.

       One of the effects of testosterone in our brains is  related to our central nervous system.Testosterone has a significant role in certain behaviors including aggression and dominance.With that, it also increases competitiveness and boosts self-esteem.According to a study which was conducted by Utrecht University,the level of testosterone is directly related with understanding human expressions and cognitive empathetic abilities.The scientists administered the experiment with a test whose name is ‘Reading The Mind in the Eyes’ to see the changes in the subjects’ ability to read emotions.In the experiments, scientists gave  some photographs to the participants and asked them what they felt about the people’s emotions in the photographs.Almost every woman predicted the emotions precisely. Then, the experimenters injected testosterone and showed other photographs to the participants to see the change.The new results were totally different from the former.The participants predicted the emotions of the individuals in the photograph inappropriately.This experiment demonstrated that the amount of testosterone is clearly linked with the ability to empathise and due to that,women are distinctly better than men.

       As a second difference between women and men, we can exemplify our ability to ‘hear’.First of all, we are using our hemispheres in different preponderances.For instance, the prepotency of the left hemisphere,which is responsible for hearing and speaking, is more than the right-hemisphere in women.Men use the right-hemisphere more predominantly.As a result of this biological fact,women are better at hearing than men.In order to pinpoint this truth about our brains, some physiologists conducted an experiment.In the experiment, male and female participants were asked to listen and state what they heard through an earmuff.The tricky side of this experiment was the participants were listening to two words from each side of the earmuff without their knowledge.The females realized the trick and stated  both words correctly; furthermore, they also mentioned which word came from which side of the earmuff.On the other hand, the males were unsuccessful even in understanding the words.Therewithal, they also mixed up the words: if the words were ‘sheep’ and ‘bottle’,they told the experimenters that the word was ‘shuttle’.

     The reason for this discernible difference in hearing between women and men might be about our obligations in nature.The woman who has sentimental communication with her baby, has to be good at hearing in order to understand the needs of the baby by the hums or meaningless words with which she tries to express her wishes for a short time.That is why a mother can differentiate the cry of a baby which can mean that she/he is hungry or needs to sleep.However, the sophisticated abilities of women in hearing and empathizing didn’t always affect their life in a good way.Especially in the Middle Ages, women were considered as witches and enchanters because of their powerful understanding and were punished by the Catholic Inquisition.

      Another difference between women and men is related to  our cognition.There is a common belief that men are better in the fields which require calculations and analytical thinking.Actually, there is some truth in this belief.According to an experiment which was done between males and females to understand their abilities

in three dimensional thinking and mental rotation, men are significantly better than women.In the experiment, participants were being asked to choose the image which was formed by seven squares among the other ones.The other images ,that were similar to the asked one, were turned to different positions and the answer which was tilted to the right was among the other options. At this point, our brain needs to use three dimensional thinking, which is related to the right-hemisphere. As it was mentioned before, men use the right-hemisphere predominantly.At the end of the experiment, both sides chose the right answer but it took 6-9  seconds to find the answer for women while it was 1-3 seconds for the males.This study and other related studies have shown that men are plainly faster than women in tasks which require three dimensional thinking.

        Our first difference emerges in our brain due to the level of testosterone and then starts to shape our anatomies, behaviours,abilities and perceptions.The amount of testosterone that we are exposed to during the fetal development also affects the level of our behaviors’ masculinity.It means, if you are exposed to less testosterone than the normal level as a man, your perception and cognition tend to be like female’s. Knowing all these differences between males and females, we should accept ourselves with our truths and shouldn’t regard these characteristics as something which makes us weak and less capable.

                                                                                                                                                  Sueda   Dinç                          

GRADING ESSAYS

The grading of essays on any English proficiency exam is a cognitively challenging task. The aim being the utmost fairness and accuracy in the assigning of a grade, the task should not be taken lightly. This being the case, it might be useful to underscore the major criteria taken into consideration while doing so. These criteria can be gathered under three headings the most important being command of the language, the second being the structure of the essay and the third being the thought process and ideas expressed in the essay.

The students demonstrate competence in the use of the written language firstly by exhibiting their flawless use of grammar. The scorer’s first priority, therefore, is to study the essay carefully to pinpoint inaccuracies in the use of grammar. Inaccuracies that impede comprehension requiring the scorer to return to the sentence multiple times are considered really damaging. Almost equally problematic are a plethora of minor grammar mistakes peppering the text. One note of caution however, a distinction needs to be made between obvious holes in the student’s knowledge and what may be attributed to carelessness: one slip-up could be attributed to oversight should the student have used the structure correctly in another part of the essay. Consistent misuse of a structure obviously points to gaps in knowledge. A competent scorer is trained to make note of all the above.

A second way students demonstrate competence in the use of the written language is through sentence structure. An educated native speaker will comfortably play around with sentences using present and perfect participles, reduced relative clauses and the like the way a master puppeteer does. Such a writer will use a selection of complex and compound sentences providing an easy flow of ideas. The resulting fluency gained by the essay is immediately recognizable to the scorer who is drawn to the fact that the arguments made are easy to follow and the points made are easy to pinpoint. A less competent writer will not be comfortable with the complexities of the language and may resort to more straightforward sentence structure – a combination of compound and simple sentences. However, he too will get a passing grade provided he makes no major mistakes while writing. Where the scorer will draw the line is the essay where the writer has used only simple sentences and has made a smattering of minor errors. Such an essay would just fail to meet the necessary criteria for passing. However, should the same writer not make the smattering of errors referred to and write simply and correctly, he would scrape through.  A good scorer will quickly distinguish the wheat from the chaff and assign the paper the grade it deserves.

A third way students demonstrate competence in their use of the written language is through their use of vocabulary and collocations. English grammar is relatively simple compared to some European languages; not so the vocabulary as there is a word to describe minute shades of meaning. What makes competence in the use of vocabulary all the more difficult is the fact that each vocabulary item is used in combination with certain other words and not with others. This pairing up words with their significant other, i.e. collocations, is the bain of every language learner’s life. Most mistakes with vocabulary items are made through a disregard for the correct collocation or a failure to grasp the shades of meaning in words that may be placed in roughly the same ballpark. For instance, we speak of an issue having serious consequences; we don’t use the word result instead. A good scorer will pay careful attention to the correct use of these word combinations and penalize accordingly.

One word of warning however, there is the danger of excessive zeal and cognitive bias in the assessment of the use of vocabulary. The source of the cognitive bias is linked to the deep seated opinion that students can be expected to know and use certain collocations but not others. They can for instance be expected to be able to use phrases like very disappointed but not bitterly disappointed; they can be expected to use the phrase freezing cold but not bitterly cold. Though correct, the latter may clash with the scorer’s expectation of the student and may lead him to be unfairly penalized under the misapprehension that the student has memorized this. The scorer is absolutely right; the student has memorized it and there is nothing wrong with this. Learning vocabulary items along with their correct collocations is to be encouraged not frowned on. Completely illogical as this all sounds, it does happen and the source of the misapprehension is modern writing books. The problem is that most modern writing books are overflowing with phrases and structures to be used in certain essays which the students are expected to learn and use in essays of certain types. Despite teaching these structures, seeing an essay liberally embellished with these structures often raises the hackles of scorers. Yet this latter problem has nothing to do with the correct use of collocations. An essay where the structures stick out like sore thumbs in an otherwise very feeble effort will be assigned a failing grade. An essay where these structures are correctly blended into an obviously competently written essay will get a passing grade. The key, therefore, is the rest of the essay. If there are too many clichés and too little else to judge the essay by, the scorer will have no choice but to fail the student.  All this proves that correctly evaluating an essay is no simple task.

On an English proficiency exam command of the language is by far the most important criteria yet correct organization is also vital. American high school writing books have laid down the law in this area too by trumpeting a formulaic approach to writing. Though perfectly logical, these so called formulas are not the only way to write essays provided the writer doesn’t lose sight of the main purpose of writing that particular essay. What is more, there may be students sitting a proficiency exam who are oblivious of American college writing and may just use their common sense. After all, so long as he supports his own opinion and refutes the counter arguments, does the student really need to support his own views in the first two developmental paragraphs and refute the counter arguments in the third? A competent scorer needs to be flexible when evaluating the organization of an essay and not take a blinkered approach.

The last aspect of the essay to be taken into account is the content; however, a word of caution here: to what extent the actual content and ideas matter depends on the purpose of the exam. On the proficiency exam at our university, the ideas to be discussed are provided in the form of bullet points the purpose being to test students’ competence in the use of the language rather than their ideas. As far as our university goes, therefore, ideas take a back seat compared to the other criteria mentioned thus far. This being said, students are expected to put forward a rational argument which is appropriately supported, and original thinking will inevitably color the scorer’s view of the essay.

What has been provided is a brief overview of the general principles taken into consideration by scorers at our university. The purpose has been to inform students of the complexities of correcting essays and to remind teachers once again of the criteria scorers follow.  

THE EFFECTS OF THE LATEST CELL PHONES (70)

                Over the past 20 or 30 years, technological developments have brought significant changes to our lives. Yet there remains some disagreement as to whether these changes favorable. Especially, the developments of cell phones have considerable effects on people. Although the attest cell phones are seen as appealing to people, there are a lot of positive effects as well as negative effects.

                In the first place, one point which is believed to be absolutely pivotal is the fact that there are lots of positive effects of the latest cell phones. One of these positive effects is convenience due to the fact that people can use their cell phones everywhere. Besides, thanks to cell phones, people can contact each other easily. In addition, cell phones contribute to the improvement of personal security by using fingerprints or entry codes. Therefore, it can be said that there are several positive effects of the latest cell phones.

                When it comes to the second point, at the heart of the matter lies another contributing factor: there are numerous negative effects of the latest cell phones. To be more specific, these negative effects are related to people’s health; people who use the latest cell phones always suffer from addiction, stress, the risk of cancer, and insomnia, according to research carried out by the World Health Organization. In addition, there is one different point concerning this issue: this is traffic accidents. It is an undeniable fact that most traffic accidents are caused by drivers who are on the phone. Therefore, the latest cell phones have numerous negative effects.

                By way of conclusion, whether the latest cell phones are favorable or not is a controversial issue. It is obvious that there are both negative effects and positive effects. Being convenient, increasing personal security and supplying contact can be listed as the positive effect, on the other hand, addiction, increased stress, the risk of cancer, insomnia and , the increased the risk of traffic accidents are seen as the negative effects of the latest cell phones.

The Crippling Effects Of Meat Consumption

Eating meat has become so trivial that humans usually don’t regard meat free meals as a main meal. Only a few decades ago, meat was a luxury product; nonetheless, today everybody can easily consume it. Paradoxically, meat is the most inefficient way of feeding humans. When we analyze it on a global scale, it is noticed that our meat filled diet is literally eating up the planet. In that case, it might be a good idea to consider the environmental effects of meat consumption.

First of all, there are numerous environmental effects of meat consumption. Humans keep many animals for food. Currently, about 23 billion chickens, 1,5 billion cattle, and 1 billion pigs and sheep are being raising across the globe. Thus, we have transformed earth into a giant feeding ground. 83% of the world’s farmland is used for livestock. That’s 26% of earth’s total land area. If we include the water needed for plants such as pasture, meat and dairy production accounts for 27% of global freshwater consumption. For instance, about 85% of the water consumed in the USA is used for the livestock industry. Another intriguing example is that 2500 liters of water is used to produce a hamburger. Unfortunately, meat production is like a black hole for resources. As animals are living things, most of their food is used to keep them alive. Apart from these, meat contains only a fraction of the nutrients from fodder crops. Cows, for example, convert only about 4% of the proteins and %3 of the calories of plants. More than 97% of the calories are lost. To create one kilogram of steak, a cow needs to eat up to 25 kilos of grain and uses about 15000 liters of water. Animal products are guzzling up tons of food but they only make up 18% of the calories humans eat. According to projections, we could nourish another 3,5 billion people if we just ate the stuff we feed to animals. About 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are created by the meat industry, as much as by all ships, planes, trucks, and cars combined. As far as only cows are concerned, everyday, they emit 567 billion liters of methane, a kind of gas causing 86 times more global warming than CO₂. There is also an indirect effect of meat consumption on the environment in that humans destroy rainforests to create pastures, which causes erosion and thereby floods. Moreover, the level of CO₂ in the atmosphere increases because of this.

There is another aspect to meat consumption: ethical problems. Globally, we kill about 200 million animals every day and about 74 billion a year. Furthermore, more than 6 billion animals are slaughtered hourly for meat production. After all, it could be argued that we’re doing them a favor. They cannot exist without us. We might eat them in the end but we also provide food, shelter, and the gift of existence to them. Unfortunately, we aren’t very compassionate gods. A lot of our meat comes from factory farms which are huge industrial systems housing thousands of animals. The factory farms are engineered to be as efficient as possible, and therefore, they have little regard for the quality of life. Most pigs are raised in gigantic windowless sheds and thereby never get to see the sun. Sows are kept in pens too small to turn around. Dairy cows are forced to breed continually to ensure thir milk supply but they are separated from their calves after birth. To fatten up beef cattle for slaughter, they are put in feedlots and confined to pens where they can’t roam to make it possible to keep them  tightly together without dying of diseases. As a result, they put on weight more quickly. The majority of antibiotics we use - up to 80% in the USA -   are for livestock. That helps in the short term but fuels antibiotic resistances. As for chickens, we can say that they are the most unfortunate animals in the context of this matter. They are kept in such vast numbers and so close to each other that they can’t form the social structures they have in nature, so they start attacking each other. To stop that, their beaks and claws are cut. Cockrels  are deemed worthless since they can’t lay eggs and aren’t suitable for meat production. For this reason, within minutes after birth, they’re usually gassed and shredded in grinders. Several hundred million chicks are killed this way each year.

All things considered, the obvious conclusion to be drawn is that meat production has deleterious effects on the environment. Most of them can be ameliorated through technology. However, only if we don’t take action to solve ethical problems will they be likely to continue for along time. It shouldn’t be said that we cannot do anything to eradicate them. For example, the waste of 4164 liters of water, 20,5 kilos of cereal, and 25 m² built-up area is hindered by a vegan every day. The final decision is yours.

                                                                           CEM KOCA

IMPOSTOR SYNDROME

               

   ‘Have you ever felt like the things that you achieved or the position that you’ve reached doesn’t belong to you?’ or ‘Did you feel like you were playing fake and someone was going to unmask you? If you feel  that way, you might be experiencing impostor syndrome.Impostor syndrome, also known as imposter phenomenon, is the psychological condition of a person who always feels doubtful about his accomplishments and considers himself as a fraud despite the contrary evidence.According to Ellen Hendriksen, who is an author for Scientific American and psychologist at Boston University, Impostor Syndrome comes in two common types which are ‘ I’m a fake’ and ‘I got lucky’.

 The type I’m a fake is based on the most common characteristic of Imposter Syndrome which is the feeling of incompetence.The individuals who are categorized in this type often feel that what they achieved was not the result of their effort or intelligence; It was luck or something else.Therefore, they usually live with fear of being unmasked or discovered by others. Amy Cuddy, who is a professor at Harvard University now, experienced this situation for a long time and told her story on Ted Talk.She said that her IQ level had dropped after a car accident when she was 19.As a result of it, she had lost confidence in herself and what she had succeeded in even though her academic success indicates the reverse.One day she explained this situation to her professor by saying ‘ I do not belong here and I’m playing fake, one day someone will reveal that I’m not capable enough to be here’.Her professor advised her to fake it until she make it; In time,she really became what she wanted to be and changed the sentence with ‘Fake it until you become it.’

 The second type of Impostor Syndrome is ‘I got lucky’.Individuals who experience this type mostly relate their success to chance or something else not their hard-work,effort or talents.With that, because these persons think that they became successful and achieved high positions in their career by luck,they usually feel pressure to work harder than others not to lose their position whether they need to work or not.As a consequence of this continious hard-work and trying to achieve the best they can, individuals who are in this category have more tendency to be perfectionists.Moreover, most of the people who are in this group are academicians, students from well-known universities and successful managers.It means, having concrete evidence as indicators of their success or getting rewards in their fields doesn’t convince them to believe they are sufficiently good at what they do.

 According to the psychologists, the best way to overcome the imposter syndrome is talking to  others who experience the same feelings. The reason is, it helps to acknowledge your feelings and understand your strengths and weaknesses but above all, you will realize successful people around you who are considered as the persons in unachievable positions or much better than others are sharing the same feelings;this realization may convince you to accept yourself as a person with weaknesses, not a someone who always has to be perfect. 

                                                                                              Sueda  Dinç

HOW TO IMPROVE CONCENTRATION

                                                                                                               

With the development of technology, we started living in a fast world. In other words, we are quickly jumping from task to task and we are not accomplishing each task fully. There is a serious consequence affecting us; we all have a common concentration problem in the modern world. We, of course, need to keep paying attention in order to learn and remember things, but the essential problem is how to make ourselves more attentive and focused.We first learn to focus by making ourselves do it repeatedly until it becomes a habit, a way of thinking.The ability to stay concentrated on what you’re doing and ignore distractions is extremely hard, but there are some specific steps for improving attention.

Unfortunately, exposure to technology is bad for concentration. Technology is surrounded by many distractions especially associated with visual media.If we manage to keep away from distracting technology related tools such as a laptop, iPad, cellphone and TV, our mind will focus on the task instead of wandering. In addition, we need to grab the present intensely, not the past or the future. We can correct past weaknesses and mistakes and reduce their likelihood in the future; however, we cannot know the future and re-do the past. For these reasons, the present  has  a major role in staying focused. For instance, if we make a daily schedule, we can easily plan our day in terms of activities, events, study blocks and we get focus on a subject.

Another step is meditation which concentrates on our natural flow and controlling our breathing. We generally use meditation for avoiding some negative thoughts like stress, but regular practice mediation also helps us to be mentally focused. It involves sitting in a lotus position while trying to regulate awareness by focusing on one thing, like breathing, but also clearing the mind of other thoughts. With practice, the ability to meditate improves and it enables us to establish  stronger relationships between brain function and mental focus.The more focused we are, the more successful we can be at whatever we do. And, conversely, the more distracted we are, the less well we do.

In conclusion, keeping our concentration high is not an easy task in today’s world, but if we apply some specific steps, we will concentrate better. Avoiding some distractions like technology, focusing on the  present and practicing meditation aid concentration.

                                                                                                              RaziyeYağız 

THE CAUSES OF SHYNESS

Man has undoubtedly a lot of emotions and various characteristics. One of them is shyness. Shyness is an emotion that affects how a person feels and behaves around others. In other words, shyness can mean feeling uncomfartable, self-conscious, nervous, bashful, timid or insecure. People who feel shy sometimes notice physical sensations like blushing , feeling speechless, shaky or breathless. Shyness is the opposite of being comfortable with yourself. When people are shy, they can hesitate to say or do something, because they are  unsure of them and are not ready to be noticed. Even though there are several causes of shyness, reacting to new things and genetics can be claimed to be the most important two.

To begin with, reacting to new things is known to be the primary cause of shyness. New and unfamiliar situations can bring about shy feelings like the first day in school, meeting someone new or speaking in front of a group for the first time. Shy feelings can be mild, medium or intense like other emotions  because all of them  depend on the situation and the person. Someone who usually or often feels shy might think of himself as a shy person. Shy people may need more time to  change. They may choose to stick to what they know or what’s familiar. On the other hand, shy people generally hesitate before trying  something new. They often prefer watching others before joining a group activity.Indeed, teasing and being bullied are also known to be causes to shyness. Shortly, shy people think of others eyes before their own, while they are doing something for the first time.

Furthermore, genetic factors seem to be the second cause of shyness. People’s genes determine their physical traits like height, eye color and body type.  But genes also influence certain personality traits, including shyness. For example, if a child has a shy parent who is the mother, the  father or both, he  probably has a genetic tendency to be naturally shy. However, everyone with a genetic tendency to be shy does not develop a shyness temparement, because life experiences also have a role. Some types of experience can build up in a  person’s thoughts and follow him or her all the way up to adulthood. Consequently, these types of experiences prevent him from being socially accepted. So sometimes, people can experience  a case of anxiety or lack of confidence due to experiences. These cases have also been shown to cause shyness(to be causes of shyness). In brief, one’s genes and experiences have a vital role in the development of syhness.

All in all, reacting to new things and genetic factors are said to be the most common causes of shyness. I think, the word  ‘’ you are born shy’’  is  really silly and really dangerous, and the fear of failure is a surmountable situation. If you want to get rid of shyness, you have to start to overcome your negative self-image.

Burak Özçifçi