DEMOCRATIC VERSUS AUTHORITARIAN LEADERS (This essay would get a 60)

 People affect each other. Some of these people, who are called leaders, influence more people and attract them because of their own characteristic features. These people fall into two categories: they may be autocratic leaders or democratic leaders. Although both of thesetypes of people are called leaders, they have many differences.

First of all, the differences between autocratic and democratic leaders are obvious. While autocratic leaders don’t allow the subordinates to make decisions, democratic leaders consult the subordinates. Unlike autocratic leaders, democratic leaders don’t give orders to the subordinates. Democratic leaders prefer equal participation, inclusiveness and deliberation. In short, democratic leaders and autocratic leaders are exact opposites.

Secondly, autocratic leaders check the tasks they asked the subordinates to do whereas democratic leaders seek creativity in the subordinates. Autocratic leaders don’t trust the followers to do  important tasks. However, democratic leaders always empower the group members. Though autocratic leaders have no tolerance for weaknesses, democratic leaders believe that making-mistakes is necessary to learn.In short, autocratic leaders prefer a top-down form of management whereas democratic leaders don't.

All in all, the features of autocratic leaders are based on power, absoluteness, giving orders, not allowing mistakes even though democratic leaders look out for inclusiveness and democratic principles. At the same time, both leaders have a lot of followers so people need both leaders. 

MIGRANT LABOUR

Migrant workers move from one region to another to work temporarily or permanently. The numberofmigrant workers is  increasingbecause of unfavourable economic and social conditions in their regions. When migrant workers move from one region to another to look for a job, they may face some problems. Although these workers can find a job when they migrate to another region, there are some negative effects of labor migration.

First of all, adaptation problems of migrant workers are one of the most important issues. The differences in life standarts can affect especially migrant workerswho move from a rural region to an urban region. Forexample, life is more expensive in an urban area than a ruralarea;therefore,their incomes aren’t sufficient for their expenses.Briefly, labor migration may lead to culture shock for workers who are not only from a rural region but also from an urban region.

Secondly, another important effect is psychological problems. Migration to a different country or city to look for ajob is a huge change in migrants’lives. So, their psychology can be negativelyaffected. Forinstance,separationfrom their family and an increased yearning can affect workers’ psychology.Moreover xenophopic behaviour in society causes increased feelings of loneliness of migrantworkers.In short, other people’s prejudice, and separation from their family can affect them psychologically.

To sum up, labor migration plays a huge role in the rise of some issues in society such as adaptation and psychological problems of migrant workers. Not only workers but also their families are affected by labor migration.In myopinion,the governments should check labor migration and support these workers with money and counseling.

THE MASS MEDIA (This essay would get a 60)

The mass media has had a large influence on people’s lives throughout history. In the past, the telegraph, the radio, the newspaper and magazines had an important place, and now TV and the internet especially have been affecting most of our lives.The crucial question is how the mass media influences people

First of all, people need news and information for various reasons.The most important reason is that people need to communicate with other people. The mass media meets people’s needs. For instance, most people who have to go to the work in the morning can watch,listen or read the news while they are on the road.Thus,people can learn the agenda and find a topic to discuss. The mass media sets the agenda,which can influence people.It can control the information we get;therefore,what we think about.

Secondly, entertainment is another way the mass media influences people. A large number of people like entertainment which can include video games,music and fun videos.The mass media mostly has bad effects on people’s lives in this area. Children especially are exposed to bad effects like the tendency to violence when they play bad video games or watch cartoons which include  violence. The crucial problem is that bad behavior can be remembered from adolescence to adulthood.

Moreover,advertisements areanother way of influencing the people. Generally, advertisements have repetitive messages to be ‘soaked-up’ into a person’s brain. Moreover, people can be affected by these advertisements unconsciously and they tend to buy or use those products.

Taking all these points into consideration, in today’s world it is impossible to avoid media influence. Instead of doing this, we should think about what we can do to fix the media.

THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMERISM

In recent years, a host of people must have heard about consumerism in the globalizing world; nevertheless, have they ever considered the effects of this concept? Even though consumerism has different kinds of connotations, as is commonly known, it means high levels of consumption, in other words the selfish and frivolous collecting of products. In today’s world, people consume and consume regardless of various drastic outcomes of over-consumption. Accordingly, there are several effects of consumerism on individuals and the earth.

In the first place, as time goes on, conditions change along with the developing world. Correspondingly, lifestyles of individuals have been changing in the sense that they are more lavish and full of material comforts rather than focused on simplicity. Hence, people’s wants and desires increase. For example, new devices are released to the market everyday and people want to have them. They think that the better their income, the better their purchasing power. But when they are not able to do so, they feel dissatisfied. Therefore, this circumstance gives rise to depression and stress for individuals in the long term. Moreover, the crime rate also increases because people start to steal when they want to possess expensive gadgets.

On the other hand, consumerism has a number of damaging outcomes for the earth. The production and consumption of commodities requires the use of natural resources such as wood and water. Consequently, natural resources might be used up and destroyed due to high levels of consumption. Furthermore, the use of commodities themselves create pollutants and waste, and that causes ecological imbalances and environmental pollution.

All in all, consumerism has a variety of effects on individuals and the earth. It brings about stress, depression and crime for people and it harms the earth and damages the natural resources. To eradicate consumerism, we need to look at drastic outcomes and figure out the reasons of these problems.

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THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC

                Music is a part of our lives whether we realize it or not, whether we actively participate in it or not, whether we appreciate its power or not. We encounter music everywhere, at colleges,  in supermarkets, on TV shows and even on the streets. We cannot ignore its power and influence on human beings. When we see a musician on the street, we wait for a while and listen to him/her. Music has a remarkable effect on us and that cannot be denied.

                First of all, music has spiritual power for us because it can reach our soul at an emotional level. People use it in order to express some feelings and verbalize them. It also enables us to express our deepest feelings whether good or bad. Moreover, music gives people the freedom to be who they are or who they want to be. Music might giveus an identity because it gives a chance to create an individual style. As Picasso’s individual painting style is cubism, Mozart has an individual music style too. Therefore, music is the key to subjective expression of emotion.

                Secondly, music connects people everywhere no matter the race and color,and even connects the world. Music is the language of the universe. People possessing diverse cultures enjoy the same music because even if the colors are not identical, the emotions are similar. What is more, music brings people around an idea or feeling. For instance, when there is a concert, a singer whose race could be different from the participants coming there, people don’t care about his/her race, they focus on his success and performance. Briefly, music doesn’t consider other factors apart from the emotions it brings to people.

                Finally, music also contributes to some areas such as education. Methodology is also important in education and music is one tool that can be used. Music provides an increase in learning with the use of songs. For instance, a song which we learnt at 7 may not be forgotten for a long time. When teachers use the means of teaching such as musical plays, students will remember the music. Moreover, music enablespeople to be creative. Because music stimulates some neurons in the brain, people listening to music have more creativity. In brief, music contributes to people’s achievement in many areas.

                All in all, music affects our lives to a great extent. It particularly makes us feel better and enables us to express ourselves in the language of the universe. Even if people have different kinds of features, music brings everyonetogether.

THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY

In modern life, developing technology has affected our lives deeply in many respects. Technology has entered our lives with a lot of technological devices and changed them. As a result of this situation,we have become more efficient, which is important in busy modern life inasmuch as people have not adequate time.  Even if technology makes people’s lives easier, it causes a serious addiction in modern people’s life.

To begin with, developing technology and devices make our lives easier and affect us in an unbearable way. In the modern world, people need more time in a day and technology helps people by allowing fast communication and transportation. A lot of technological devices enable people to reach a huge amount of information and communicate with each other in a second or just spend spare time in front of them. These opportunities are the most important advantages of technology in our lives. To exemplify this, online shopping has entered our lives with technological devices and it allowsa manufacturers to reach the customer directly. It helps us shop faster.

What is more, people access any information quickly, but at a same time, there is no doubt that, technology makes people lazier. Besides, this access creates an addiction and it is an important obstacle in people’s lives. Whether we notice or not, technology affects people from all perspectives of life and people become technological devices. Technology creates addicted and mad people, and forces them to obey this consumption frenzy. People who are addicted feel that they should use technology all the time, so this situation creates technological slaves. This is an important shortcoming of  technology.

In brief, technology has many benefits and disadvantages for all people. Whether we want or not, it affects our lives deeply and changes them because people want to keep up with others. With technology, people have practical devices but they become addicted to these devices.

EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD

The features of education have been changing each day with developing technology and rising life standards in the world. However, many countries which are known as still developing cannot reach the standards of education due to lagging behind in every other respect .The research indicates that the developing world is about 100 years behind developed countries with regards to the recent advancements. There are various reasons such as poverty, living in conflict regions, poorly trained teachers, lack of parental involvement, malnutrition, inadequate budgets for school supplies, transportation needs and so on.

One of the main reasons is that there are not enough monetary resources for education costs. Governments in developing countries don’t fund schools. Thus, sometimes electricity, water, and heating can be a problem in schools. Free transportation cannot be provided for students. Lots of children have to walk at least 5 miles every school day and this is not possible when the weather is unsuitable. Because of long distances, many families worry for their daughters’ security, so rates of  school attendance for girls is  lower than boys. Unfortunately, the problem of long distance cannot be solved because building a school means extra outlay and no one has enough sources to fix this situation. Authorities cannot guide their limited financial resources and don’t know how to spend it sensibly.

Secondly, structures of families are another cornerstoneof children’s education/school life. Poverty is very common among the families in developing countries. There is no extra money for essential outlay for education such as books and pencils. Children can be enrolled in primary school but they cannot keep going to school due to poverty. Another widespread thought is having a child to gain extra income. There is no time for children who are between the ages of 5-17 to go to school because they have to work. In addition, the families mistakenly think that girls don’t need to get/receive an education and boys have priority.

In conclusion, education is the unique way for improvement. The Government should attach more importance to it and make advisable investments continuously in order to raise the current  standards of education. The disparity between developed and developing countries can only end  with well-designed educational progress.