Tuesday, December 19, 2017

CHILD MARRIAGE (70/ 75)


            The meaning of the term marriage is living happily ever after like in the fairy tales for many people. However, unfortunately, most children are married without even listening to  one  fairy tale. Although it is known that child marriage is a human rights violation, each year, 15 million girls are married before the age of 18. This means  28 girls every minute. According to data, over 700 million women alive today were married as children. Moreover, despite laws against it, child marriage is fueled by gender inequality, poverty and traditions.
            To begin with gender inequality, in many undeveloped countries such as Nigeria, The Central African Republic and Bangladesh, inequalities between women and men in society are more apparent. In  these societies, child marriage is common since girls are not considered  as important  as boys. Daughters are usually seen as a burden for their families. Therefore, when their daughters are married, the families think they transferred these burdens to their daughters’ husbands’ families. Furthermore, child marriage is also driven by patriarchal values and the desire to control female sexuality. For instance, how a girl should behave, how a girl should dress or when a girl should marry are all determined by social convention . Only a man can answer these questions because the man is a breadwinner. In addition to this, a girl represents the honor of her family in closed societies. Hence, families closely guard their daughters’ sexuality and virginity in order to protect the family honor. These families think that their daughters may become pregnant outside of marriage and this causes shame and  brings dishonor to  their family. Consequently, gender inequality may bring about child marriage.
            Child marriage is a traditional practice, which exists in many cultures such as the Roma,  seems normal because it has happened for generations. In some communities such as Chad, Mali and Ethiopia, when girls start to menstruate, they become women in the eyes of the community. Therefore, marriage is used as a tool to give the girls their status a wife and mother by their families. however, although they had to experience this difficult  situation, they are only children and their bodies are still undeveloped. Because of this, these marriages may harm   girls. For example, an 8 years old Yemeni child bride was married to a 40 years old man and then, she died of vaginal injuries on their wedding night. Namely, traditions cause child brides and child brides may die , but everything can be different as Graça Machel, widow of Melson Mendela, said, traditions are made by people, and people can unmake them.
            Poverty, especially, in the undeveloped countries such as Bangladesh and Somali leads to child marriage because floods and droughts disrupt girls’ lives. Hence, their families want to push them into their daughters’ husbands’ families. thus, adding to the risk of child marriage. For instance, in Bangladesh and northeast India, floods made poverty worse and closed schools causing families to  see marriage as an alternative way for their daughters. Another example is in Somali and Mozambique: due to drought, many families living in these countries, families push daughters to marry (marry off their daughters)  since they no longer have to feed them. Consequently, the effects of poverty on child marriage shouldn’t be ignored.
            To sum up, the number of child marriages is  increasing day by day thanks to poverty, gender inequality and tradition. However, no  reason should be a pretext for child marriage. If a solution isn’t found for child marriage, the global number of women married as children will reach 1.2 billion by 2050. Therefore, it should be understood that children are children, not wives or mothers.
           

               Neray Pala 

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